A Tariff Theory About Apple’s iOS 13 Surprise

Apple may have rushed to get its new iPhones shipped to beat Trump tariffs that didn’t come

Craig Federighi, Apple’s senior vice president of software engineering, talks about the upcoming iOS 13 at WWDC on June 3, 2019. Photo: Brittany Hosea-Small/AFP/Getty

A little over a week ago, Apple surprised developers by issuing a new beta of its iOS 13 operating system, which will run on the upcoming iPhones expected in September. Every year, Apple releases iOS developer betas for its x.0 version: The process starts in early June, when the features are announced at its developers’ conference (WWDC), and runs to mid-September when the new phones are shown off at an invite-only event.

But it didn’t happen that way this year.

Instead of getting a new version of 13.0, we got the first beta of 13.1, which you wouldn’t expect to see until 13.0 had reached “GM” (Gold Master status — a phrase from the old days when new versions of operating systems came on CDs, which were copied from a master version made of, yes, gold).

The last beta of 13.0 was thus beta 8, on August 21.

The people at Apple are rational. Believe this above all else.

There followed lots of post-facto rationalization from various folks. “Aha!” they said. “Earlier betas of 13.0 were unreliable compared to those of 12.0, so Apple just took out some of…